Business Law Report - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2316 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: Economy Essay Did you like this example? Introduction In this report, we will Take a specific Company/organization/Corporations as a Model and discuss Business Law/Industrial Law that Support the Functioning of the Organization ,then finally analyze how the different Business/industrial laws is supporting/Benefiting the Smooth Running of such above mentioned Company/Corporation. Finally we will Investigate the Common issues that arise when Applying Business Law/industrial law on the framework of our understanding of the issue. Finding a potential company/corporation for work and investigating how business law/industrial law is support such corporation and how this commercial law is helping in the smooth running of the organization is a sure way to gain knowledge and experience in my area of chosen study. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business Law Report" essay for you Create order This concise report will make it possible for students to get acquainted with such organizations and find practical experience as well as find a good exceptional understanding of the source material. Since business law is quite important when dealing with companies/corporations, it makes sense that we deal with it from the perspective of an employee, academic as well as from the perspective of the companies that abide by the rule of commercial business law. The Company/Organization Model The focus will be on DUBAI INTERNET CITY, The current Middleast and North Africa Largest ICT supplier which since 2000 has successfully developed a Thriving Ecosystem for technology Organizations in the Middle East and North Africa. This Company has been one of the best forerunners in Transforming Dubai`s Vision into a Knowledge-Based Economy. This is basically information Technology Hub Created by the Authority in Dubai as a Free TRADE ZONE and as important base for companies targeting Regional developing markets. DIC licenses both business/companies and inviduals to carry out certain different activities within the DIC, and they include SOFTWARE, INTERNET AND MEDIA, TELECOMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS,E-COMMERCE and MANY OTHER LICENSES. In addition to that, available in DIC is various communities anchored by global, regional and local leaders in the industry. We will divulge into the application of business law to DIC, How Business law is Helping DIC run Smooth fully and e fficiently. This is our main concern for this report. 3. scope This report will cover the main basics of Business law also known as Commercial law, the application of Commercial Law in the business industry and also find the limits and Boundaries of Business law/commercial law and finally tackle the issue in a manner that reeks of professionalism and academic integrity and impartially. This is the Framework that we will be working on and deducing our own conclusions about it. Method Most of the information in this report was Collected/ gathered from Internet Business Articles, DUBAI internet City Websites ,News Articles That Deal and Talk about BUSSINESS/COMMERICAL law and Its Application in the Industry as well as My Own Experience When applying for Job in These Companies and what I have Discovered. ANALYSIS In plain and simple terms, the word business law /commercial law refers to the enforcing laws that are applicable to the rights, relationships and conducts of individuals and businesses involved in commerce, Merchandising, business and Trade. It is assumed by scholars to be a branch of civil law and tackles the issues of both public and private Laws. The term commercial law encompasses within its limits such Functions like Carrying of goods by land and sea, merchant shipping, safeguard against fire, accident insurance, life insurance, and laws of exchange and partnership. It is the regulating body of laws that deal with corporate contracts, hiring processes, production and sales of goods of consumption. Many countries in the globe have introduced civil laws that contain all-inclusive statetements of their business laws. Therefore, business laws govern vast areas of bussines, commerce and customer transactions, some specific laws have developed in many different commerci al fields. and they are BANKING,BANKRUPCY,CONTRACTS,CONSUMER CREDIT ,MORTGAGES ,SALES AND MANY MORE. IN UAE, Company law is defined as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“contract between two or more personsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . In view of the above mentioned definition, a business created by one person could not be considered a company. Therefore, In UAE, one of the most important facets of doing business is the legal structure, in 1984,the laws applicable to companies throughout the AUE was introduced. The federal law No.8 of 1984 was changed by federal law No.13 of 1988 which is widely known as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Commercial companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This law defines several categories of legal bodies which can be established in the UAE.It regulates the requirements of companies in terms of directors,stakeholders,minimum capital investments, and integration procedures of companies.therefore,in AUE,A good legal consultant can guide the non-local investor in choosing the right way to invest in UAE which matches the client needs. Thefore, we can summarize that business law/.commercial law is a sure fire way to keep the smooth running of any corporation/company that wants to become successful in the market. Licenses In AUE, the most basic requirement for all business practices is to secure of the following three t types of licenses. 1. Commercial licenses dealing with trade activities 2. Industrial licenses dealing with manufacturing processes. 3. Professional licenses dealing with professions. Implementing the business/commercial law helps the company get acquainted with the market dyanamics,get grip on the employees and also thrive in their chosen field of trade/business. it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t matter if the company is a small newly established one or a giant company that have been in the market for longer time. The challenge remains the same and the company is required by the law to abide by the rules and regulations that govern the companies. If anyone ever played a game in which he/she did not know all the rules ,then that person exactly knows the burden of the outcome of such a game,therefore,it is quite important that any company familiarizes itself with the commercial/business law of the country it tries to establish itself so that the company knows the pros and cons of such business. Thefore, the DIC Company Model will be discussed as suitable for our report. THE COMPANY MODEL This information techno-polis was created by the Authority in Dubai as a free teconomic zone and a strategic ITC base for companies aiming to utilize emerging regional markets. The economic rules of DIC help companies to take advantage of a number of rights including ownership, taxes, and custom related advantages which are assured by law for a period of exactly 50 years. Models of operations of DIC include 100% foreign ownership, comparable to those prevailing in other economic zones in the UAE.these freedoms have resulted in many Giant global information technology firms such MICROSOFT, IBM, ORACLE CORPORATION, INFORGLOBAL SOLUTIONS, SUN MICROSYSTEMS, HP and another UAE based Companies such as I-mate to flock and move their bases to DIC.DIC located in other giant neighborhood companies like Dubai knowledge village,dubai media city. The DIC Company has a huge commercial office of half million square feet and over 10,000 workers based there; these offices are among the best o nes in Dubai City. History Dubai Internet City was founded in October 1999 and opened its doors in October 2000. The company provides a knowledge based economy ecosystem designed to assist the business development of internet and communications know-how (ICT) corporations. It is the biggest ICT infrastructure in the middle east and north Africa built within the confines of free economic zone. Many giant ventures are based in free DIC . The ICT conglomerate in Dubai Internet City includes corporations from sectors like software development, services, e-commerce, consultancy and sales and Trade. Local Owned technology companies likeDucont FZ LLCwhich was one of the earliest companies to move their based to DUBAI INTERNET CITY have showed that innovation in the region and is quite successful at that. The cluster atmosphere of DIC provides most elements of value chain for an ICT ventures. In addition, it has developed Methods that can be utilized by the ICT companies to explore and develop channel fo r business opportunities as well as technology development. In addition to that, Dubai Internet City presents highly modernized, state-of-the-art offices and facilities to shore up businesses and the community in general. Businesses have the ability to c choose from any of the below services according to their business requirement: business offices Executive Office Executive Desk Well Furnished Office Business centers Villa Economics Dubai Internet City, like the whole of Dubai Region, has witnessed rapid growth, with the UAE` GDP rising at double figure rates. However, since 2003 inflation has followed suit too, making GDP growth significantly lower than the previous years. In March 2008, DIC introduced a rental increase to 180AUE Dirhamper square foot a 25% rise (the governments rent limit on private landlords is roughly 5% for 2008). The DIC statement supplementing the release said operating costs have hiked lately due to economic growth in the region. The DIC visitors are charged for parking since 2013 when entering the DIC area which had previously been provided free of cost. There is a fluctuation in the economic activities in DIC as shown by this figure The commercial law regulates the dynamics of the economy in the DIC. Companies The Current Companies that are Members of Dubai Internet City are 1. GOOGLE AUE 2. IBM MIDDLEAST AND AFRICA AND MANY MORE. HOW BUSSINESS LAW IS SUPPORTING THE MODEL COMPANY In DIC,simple company laws and legal framework with no hassle govern it. Dubai Technology Media Free Zone has its own regulations that administer license operations in the Free Zone. These laws were introduced by the Ruler of Dubai and are only applicable in the Free Zone. Dubai Internet City operates within the Legal jurisdiction of Dubai Technology and Media Free Zone (the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Free Zoneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ). The Free Zone was Created in 2000 by an amiri decree and has a separate legal status in the UAE. Since lack of Oversight can create many financial Risks to companies as well as Authorities,it is important to find a unified regulatory Body which will be responsible for DIC. Therefore, The DIC Free Zone is supervised by an self-regulating government body, Dubai Technology Media Free Zone Authority. DTMFZA develops and implements opaque regulations, in accordance with international standards, which guarantees that the companies working in the Free Zone can c ompete successfully, locally and globally. The laws and guidelines that apply to companies/corporations operating in the Free Zone are described elegantly on their Website. These regulations are abound and canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be written all of them in this report but we can summarize most important business laws that has been enacted in the amiri decree. Commercial law is responsible if and when a new company wants to join and be part of the DIC free zone,the commercial law is a vital part of the DIC economies. The First Law Is referred to as Law No 6 for 2002 in regard to the Building, Maintenance and Protection of the Cable Network for Dubai Internet City. It is concerned mainly with the development of Telecommunication networks and its protection from vandalism. Article five of the amiri decree, is concerned mainly with persons carrying out any works in the surrounding areas of the telecommunication networks, including both fixed and airel stations,that the said p ersons should take all due Measures and precautions to avoid causing unwanted damage that might change the integrity and safety of the passges,channels and network equipment. Also, article six, is concerned mainly with any person wishing to carry out any excavations, buildings or construction works in the vicinity of the telecommunication network, service passages or the channels related thereto, must obtain, prior to the commencement of the said works, a No Objection Certificate from Dubai Internet City, and to adhere to the provisions and instructions provided in the No Objection Certificate. These Business laws therefore is part of the strategy that helps DIC to regulate which companies are allowed to operate in the DIC FREE Trade Zone and how they should safeguard their business. Like if some manager of a gaint company wants to start up a business, the regulations that becomes obstacles at first for such a corporation/company, if the manager knows all the obstacle s/hurdles/barriers and he can solve the barriers in right way by understanding what the regulations are, then it will be no problem for the company to have business. Also law is a legal power that makes sure the business runs smoothly domestically and internationally.. There are many rules of international trade.. if the manager of the business is conducting business in this part, then it will be a huge blow for the business if he doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand about the Rules, Since International Trade is a fragile ,non-guarantee business. People can play with it and cheat the company, and if you are on the right side/way when such cheaters play with your company, you can sue them easily. Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s some advantages of knowing how business law operates. Because Business law is created to protect company from being violated by irresponsible people In conclusion, we have seen how business/commercial law enhances the smooth running of Dubai internet city and how these laws are being applied from time to time and these business laws/commercial laws play an important vital role in supporting the functioning of the corporations as well as making sure that they running smoothly and sufficiently . As a business owner/employee of a company, you are required to abide by some of the laws and regulations that apply to large corporations, understaindg how these rules and regulations apply to you and how they help in the smooth running of the organization is vital skill to have References/Resources 1. Legal information institute/commercial law 2. https://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/1679?e=lau-ch01_s04 3. www.lawplainandsimple.com/Bussiness law basics 4. www.Gulfnews.com/all laws applicable to Dubai internet city 5. www.uaetrade-usa.com/business law

The Groundbreaking Movement The Seminal Movement

The Groundbreaking Movement With the emergence of an art movement on the way, how did it benefit the African American citizens who encountered prejudice complexities when trying to have their talents acknowledged? The discovery of Social Realism emerges. This was a universal societal movement that flourished during the time of global economic depression. In the event of the country’s pecuniary setbacks, this was a vital and prosperous movement that helped explore the realities of life for humankind. As known, this movement was the most unsurpassed development for the African American community. Furthermore, African American artists, performers, and writers wanted their truths exposed fittingly about their customs and beliefs to dispel the†¦show more content†¦To make a connection of Lorraine Hansberry to the social realism movement, a brief biography can help to explain this relation. Particularly, Lorraine was a black American born in the 1930s to the underprivileged portion of the South Side of Chicago. Being of this era, her father was a very successful real estate agent and her mother, a local school teacher. Still regardless of her family wealth, unfortunately, they are forced to reside in the undesirable poor section of the city, as many other black families had. With prospect opportunities, her family then has the desires to move to a white privileged neighborhood. Here, they are met with much rejection almost immediately that lead her father to take legal actions. Due to the color of their skin, like others, she faced the many complexities of racial segregation, discrimination, and violence. There later became a time to address those issues by way of the Civil Rights Movement, looking to end racial segregation and gain equal opportunities for those of African descent. 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Should Animals Be Kept in Zoo Free Essays

houldTopic: You are a member of your school’s debating club. Write a debating speech on the topic â€Å"Animals should never be kept in zoos†. You can either choose for or against the motion. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Animals Be Kept in Zoo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Honorable adjudicators, Ladies and gentlemen, Today’s motion is â€Å"Animals should never be kept in zoos†. Our team totally oppose to the motion. Mind the word ‘never’ is used, which gives a very extreme meaning. Our opponents may say that animals come from nature. They deserve and have to live in their own habitat to make sense. We, human beings, should never disturb them. There should be a clear boarder between them and us. However, is the really practical? The following arguments will explain. First of all, zoos keep animals for educating the public. Zoos are not amusement parks or circuses, animals are not required to be trained to perform. I hereby show sympathy for animals which are mistreated. Ladies and gentlemen, Animals in zoos are real, which attracts the public to visit. There is information about each species and visitors can know more about a variety of species if they read the descriptions. Even if not, at least they know they exist such kind of animal on earth and appreciate the biodiversity of nature. Zoos can also organize programmes and activities to enable participants to understand more about certain species in detail. Clearly, animals in zoos are valuable for educational purpose. Secondly, zoos can preserve animals. Apparently, animals can evade not only predators but also natural disasters like earthquake, hurricanes and so on so forth. This helps them to breed. Then, animals are not endangered or to face extinction. We can now protect what the nature gives us, as this is also our responsibility. In order to safeguard a diversity of species, it is of no alternatives but to keep some of them in zoos. Ladies and gentlemen, we have destroyed the nature enough since industrial revolution, it is time for us to repay and protect animals by simply keep Thirdly, animals in zoos obtain research values. Scientists are conducting researches on numerous animals. This facilitates us to understand deeply in animals. It would be difficult to randomly capture a suitable wild animal, in good condition, for experimental uses or observations. Employing animals in zoos alleviates time constraint and inadequate manpower. Ladies and gentlemen, the more we know about animals, the better we can treat them. Of course, we definitely try to preserve their habitats in nature. To achieve that, researching is the first step. My teammates Peter will further elaborate on the part of education and Mary will give more details of operating zoos. Most of us, if not all, disagree to confine all animals on earth in zoos, which is actually no possible. We just capture a few of each species for preservation, just like the seed bank for plants. Our opponent may the argue people treat them cruelly and we also cannot create the exact same environment for animals to live in. it is undeniable that artificial environment is not the exact same copy of the nature, which is what animals craving for. However, with advanced technology and better knowledge, we believe it is possible to simulate the nature for animals to live. It is not practical to refuse any degree of confinement of animals. Ladies and gentlemen, we anticipate a balanced sustainable development, which is on both environmental and economic sides, and we ignored the latter in the past. Conserving the nature has become our obligation and zoos are one of the best ways to complete this eternal task. Therefore, ladies and gentlemen, today’s motion must not stand. I rest my case. Thank you. How to cite Should Animals Be Kept in Zoo, Papers

The Case of Online K-Pop Circulation-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Creativity, Innovation Design Case Study. Answer: The success of K-Pop model K-pop entertainment stars have for the recent decades captivated the global audiences due to its combination excellent singing skills, attractive appearances, dance choreography, and styles. The industry is highly competitive because it has reinvented itself to be different with the rest of the world. The agencies use strategy of a fusion of Asian and Western music style of pop and use of simple melodies. To this effect, the industry has gained a universal mass appeal, and this is attributed to their success(Min-Soo, 2012). The model behind this achievement cultivates rigorous search of talent, through training, customer relationships, and use of social media and localization of their products because stars can perform using foreign languages(Lie, 2012). To this effect, the success of K-Pop entertainment demonstrates innovation of nurturing talents and relationships with customers using nontraditional media such as YouTube to advertise the products. Model Employed by K-pop Music Industry The model used K-Pop companies have made the difference in how the industry related to its consumers and performers. Various factors such as talent management, localized product offering and customers relationship among others have defined the success of Koreas pop music. K-Pop has excellent strategic talent management which makes them so much different with the rest of the world in various perspectives. The agencies business model discovers these talents through rigorous auditions, offer guidance and manage their abilities. For instance, companies seek young people as young as 10 and guide them to become the next generation of pop stars. The search for talent does have a wider scope because it is extended across the world such as United States, Kazakhstan, and other countries (Lie, 2012; Min-Soo, 2012). When talents seeking process is over, then training takes place in a place similar to a camp. In this case, the trainees are brought together and live in residences provided for by the company where they gain skills until they make their professional debut. In the camp, their activities that take place include taking singing classes, acting and dancing among others. Also, they get introduced to foreign languages such as English, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean for those outside the country. In this regard, this prepares the talents produced by K-Pop industry to international markets, and this makes their song perfect and attentive(Jung, 2014). On the other hand, customer relationships are established and strengthened through social media. K-Pop entertainment organizations have mastered the art of tactically using social media avenues such as Facebook, YouTube to create awareness for upcoming artists, interact with fans base and distribute music at a relatively low cost because of internet advertising. The reason for this success is because K-Pop fans utilize social media which makes it easy to provide feedback regarding activities such as music concerts. The result of this is understanding the market demand and taking a necessary action(Oh Park, 2012). The agencies also provide localized product offerings to reach the audience well. For instance, K-Pop companies use localized products for their target audiences who are in different countries and continents. Albums are released in foreign languages like Japanese and English, and this helps in reaching many audiences, and this is achieved through intensive foreign language training. Therefore, customization of product to their audiences has made their performance effective(Oh Park, 2012). According to the model used by K-Pop companies, the industry is effective because it is capable of nurturing new talents to cope with the market demands. Therefore, its competitive nature emanates from talented singers who can communicate with multiple languages understood by many peoples across the world. For example, it can produce in Chinese, English, Korean and the other main languages which mean their genres are marketable across the board. Besides, they have dedicated marketing agencies which expand the scope of their reach to many countries supported by localization of the products (Jung, 2014; Oh Park, 2012). Viability of Koreas Pop Music Business Model Korean pop music is a wave which has been reinvigorated its global popularity. The question is the viability of the industry to succeed globally now and in the future. Its model has made it instrumental to overcome both cultural and language and barriers which face other industries like in U.S. the article examines various dimensions of the industry such as the creators, distribution method, consumers and the content. First, the entertainment agencies producing, promoting and train K-pop music performers. Distribution channels and strategy used by the music organizations such as social media channels makes a significant contribution to its international viability. Further, there are consumers and other fans who enjoy and share K-pop music information such as that of performers. Lastly, there are changes regarding K-pop style of dancing and singing which is done regularly. Therefore, according to articles analyzing the viability of the Koreas music industry is viable now and in the fu ture due to the factors explained, but there is a need to cope with changes over time to remain at the top of the industry. Conclusion For Korean industry to be active in future and service competition, the entertainment companies in Korea especially those dealing with K-Pop entertainment. There is need to develop a systemized process where new entrants are searched and nurtured to compete with international stars. This means they should be trained from the beginning and imparted with international marketing in mind. Further, there is need to ensure that those who are selected are part of the cream to increase the competitive ability of K-pops industry. The selection channels should be widened to increase the success of the industry. Therefore, there is a need for trainees to be selected from broad channels such as global auditions, and recommendations from other celebrities across the world. Upon this, the organizers need to explore the talent of the identified individuals to explore the potentially hidden training where only the best are chosen for training. For long-term survival of its competitive nature, the industry should cultivate a long-term investment to ensure the wellness of the trainees. For instance, coming up with new dance moves and introducing more foreign languages common in places like Africa example being Swahili. Besides, performers need to have the stamina for character building and to engage them in psychological counseling to keep them from behaviors such as smoking, drinking alcohol and other destructive behaviors. Besides, from their training to debut performance, the industry should train them to endure a stiff competition through survival-style tactics to make them always emerge on the top. Artists should also be encouraged to form groups and come up with a new concept, dancing styles by each members strengths. This is good for the industry because synergy reduces the weakness of the members in a group and amplify their strength. References Jung, S., 2014. Youth, social media and transnational cultural distribution: the case of online K-pop circulation. In Mediated Youth Cultures (pp. 114-129). s.l.:Palgrave Macmillan UK. Lie, J., 2012. What is the K in K-pop? South Korean popular music, the culture industry, and national identity. Korea Observer, 43(3), p. 339. Min-Soo, S., 2012. Lessons from K-pop's Global Success. Seri Quarterly, 5(3), p. 60. Oh, I. Park, G. S., 2012. From B2C to B2B: Selling Korean pop music in the age of new social media. Korea Observer, 43(3), pp. 365-378.

Commercial Activity in Alkhober

Your Quick Guide to Complement vs. Compliment

Your Quick Guide to Complement vs. Compliment Do you compliment your friend on her beautiful jacket? Or do you complement her?Complement and compliment are two words in the English language that are often confused yet carry two distinctly different meanings. The difference in spelling between the two is only a matter of one letter, so that makes it even more difficult to know which is which.However, there are a few tricks to help distinguish between which of the two is correct to use in a certain context. Lets review their meanings now and help clear up the confusion for you.ComplementThe easiest trick to remember the meaning of complement is to think of a very similar word, complete. Merriam-Webster defines complement as something that fills up, completes, or makes better or perfect.In grammar, a complement is a word, phrase or clause that is required to complete the meaning of a given expression. For example, consider the following sentence: That house is old. If we look at the grammatical construction of the sentence, wed see that house is the subject and old is the subject complement. Basically, old is the word that completes the idea and meaning of the sentence.Here are some other examples of the word complement (in its various forms) used correctly in context:That shirt complements the color of your eyes.The couple dressed in matching, complementary colors.The new tagline complements the headline perfectly.ComplimentNow, lets look at the alternative: compliment. Merriam-Webster defines compliment as an expression of esteem, respect, affection, or admiration; an admiring remark : formal and respectful recognition : honorIts important to realize that compliment can be used as a noun or a verb, but retains essentially the same meaning in both contexts. Complimenting (verb) someone on their outfit is the same idea as giving someone a compliment (noun) for their clothing choice.Here are a few additional examples of compliment used in context:I always blush when someone compliments me.He was a very nice pe rson and gave many compliments to those around him.Thanks for the compliment, it gave me confidence.And since complimenting someone is a wonderful act of kindness, just for fun, here is a list of 100 compliments that will make someone smile today.

Sport In Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sport In Society - Essay Example Physical activity is an expression of emotion and competitive sport can have a beneficial impact when performed in favorable conditions (Cockerill, 1995). Sports participation generates transferable life skills and acquisition of motor skills can lead to enhanced self-esteem and self-efficacy. Fitness training has a beneficial effect on mood, performance at work, cognitive function and self-concept. It helps to ameliorate conditions like obesity and develop and maintain optimal fitness (Gilson, Cooke & Mahoney, 2005). Sport is an important factor in the development of the society which is why UNESCO has supported the demand to include physical education and sport in the Human Development Index (Schwery, 2003). Sport contributes to self-confidence and organizational skills. Sport is an essential element in the growth and development of the society. Its benefits are immense for the physical and mental well-being of an individual but much depends on the self-perception of an individual. the motivation and mood determine the outcome of participating in sport. Sport also fosters brotherhood and brings people together. However, globalization of sport is happening at a very fast pace. Globalization is inevitable and consumerism has given different dimensions to sport. It has led to heightened international understanding and cooperation; it has transcended national borders. Media has exploited the popularity of the sport and the sports people as the athletes are used for celebrity endorsements by marketers.

Bowl Championship Series Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bowl Championship Series - Research Paper Example The United States Bowl Championship Series is one area that is increasingly becoming notable for its agenda for money other than living up the original dream of breeding great future sports personalities. Ironically, the fracas with the Bowl Championship Series is so tactical that one needs special scrutiny to come to terms that the series has now become a money-making venture for some people. It is therefore the aim of this research paper to take up the task of the scrutiny to expose what is likely to be a future mayhem if not checked What is the Bowl Championship Series The Bowl Championship Series, commonly referred to as BSC is a five-game showcase of college football in the United States of America (BCS Official Website, 2010). The system is referred to as a five-game showcase because it is made of five different bowl games at five different venues among which various colleges battle for the ultimate of two top-rated teams in the series. These top two teams are honored by taking part in the National Championship Game and at the National Championship Games the two top-rated teams are made to play each other. ... History of the Bowl Championship Series The Bowl Championship Series was born out of existing college based football competitions. According to Ours (2007), ‘The first intercollegiate football contest was played on November 6th, 1869, at New Brunswick, New Jersey.’ The system of competitions however kept changing from time to time. The new national bodies in charge of bowl kept coming in place to regulate and regularize the activities of college football. The current bowl game system was formed in 1902 in Pasadena, California and by 1906, there was the formation of the NCAA which oversaw the affairs of bowl games in the country (Billingsley, 2010). The involvement of various college football conferences started in the 1940s as by that time there was the existence of many bowl games across the country such as Cotton Bowl Classic, Orange Bowl and Sugar Bowl. The current college football games followed the system of playoffs as used by the NCCA to select yearly champions un til 1998 when the Bowl Championship Series was introduced (Cummings, 2008). According to Cummings, The new system was necessitated ‘to avoid the controversy created by the 1997 split national championship’. Has the Bowl Championship Series failed on its aims? Controversies and Monetary Accusations. What is the Relevancy of Non-BCS Schools in the BCS System According to the official website of the Bowl Championship Series, it series was ‘designed to ensure that the two top-rated teams in the country meet in the national championship game, and to create exciting and competitive matchups among eight other highly regarded teams in four other bowl

Class size and student learning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Class size and student learning - Research Paper Example All the same, those that approve of the shrinking of class sizes fight for the benefits that it could have on the success of students within these smaller classes. The greatest benefit of shrinking the size of classes is that students would be able to receive more one-on-one communication with the teacher. The teacher will have the opportunity to understand the academic strengths and weaknesses of each student (Chen, 2008), which can help them find and use various methods to help them teach. After the subject has been taught, if a handful of students are still unable to grasp the topic, the teacher will be able to find more time to address the needs of each individual student. This could prove to be especially beneficial to at-risk students. With fewer students, the teacher would also be given more time in which to teach their subject, whether to the whole class or individually, until everybody is able to properly comprehend what is being taught. The teacher will be able to find more available time to implement various teaching techniques and instruments, such as labs or other specialized instruction, to aid the students in understanding the subject matter. With a small class size comes a general lack of disciplinary problems (Vanderlee, 2009). There would be fewer students to present distractions to fellow students and to the teacher. As such, a teacher would be able to spend more of their time teaching than tending to the disruption of troublemaking students. Likewise, students will find it easier to focus more on their work than on the distractions caused by their peers. When there is less distraction in the classroom, there will be more time dedicated to learning and to making sure that everyone is at the same level of understanding as the rest of the class. This not only applies to the teacher, but to the students as well, who will be able to direct their attention onto the primary reason for being in the classroom, which is to learn. Without distractions, the teacher will either be able to get through lessons quicker, while still being able to slow down their pace of teaching when it is demanded of by one or more of the students. Finally, students are more likely to participate in class activities and discussions if the size of the class is smaller. This is mainly due to the fact that students often feel more comfortable when there are fewer people around. With fewer students in a single classroom, there will be an increased sense of closeness between the students and the teacher (Blatchford, 2003), which can come in handy as students begin to rely on each other for help, especially when the teacher is aiding another student. There is also less pressure for the students to impress their fellow classmates, providing them every opportunity to really engage in what is going on within the classroom. When a student actively participates, they are presented with the best chance of fully grasping what they are being taught. They are also a ble to receive the proper feedback when they are more vocal in class discussions, which can be used to further determine if more studying or practice activities are required. The greatest concern about decreasing class size is the extensive cost of doing so, and the fact that most schools do not readily have the resources to make it happen.

How Ge Teaches Teams To Lead Change Management Essay

How Ge Teaches Teams To Lead Change Management Essay The purpose of the program was to support CEO Jeffery R. Immelts priority of growing GE by focusing more on expanding businesses and creating new ones than on making acquisitions. This program was effective for the company for many reasons and brought many advantages to it. For example, the business has accelerated its push into emerging markets, launched initiatives to revamp product development, and stepped up efforts to create new businesses. The reasons for why this program was so effective were because: the managers were given an opportunity to reach consensus on the barriers to change; both the hard and the soft ones. Furthermore, the challenge of balancing the short term and the long term was also addressed. The course also created a common vocabulary of change that became part of daily communications inside and across GEs businesses. This program was structured so that a team would emerge with the first draft of an action plan for instituting change in its business and would feel obligated to deliver on it. In September 2001, Jeff Immelt had launched an all-out effort to make GE as renowned for innovation and organic growth as it was for operational excellence. The main force behind GEs successes was its headquarters. Immelt understood that to speed progress, he needed to pass the baton to teams leading GEs businesses-which is where LIG came in. They reorganized functions such as sales and engineering and gave local teams more authority so that the leadership could extract itself from the problems of the present and spend more time on opportunities that would create the future. The purpose of LIG was to make innovation and growth as much of a religion at GE as Six Sigma had been under Jack Welch. Before a team went to Crotonville, it had done three things: It had updated its three-year strategy, the growth playbook. All its members had undergone a 360 review, and the teams scores on the growth values had been tabulated and analyzed in granular detail. Finally, its success in creating an innovative climate had been assessed. At the end of the course each team had about 20 minutes to deliver a presentation to Immelt. The presentation had to include a simplified vision of growth for the business and the organizational, cultural, and capability changes that the team members had decided should be made in order to optimize growth. LIGs team-based approach addresses shortcomings inherent in the individual-focused approach used by traditional management education programs. The LIG was a radical departure for GE, because it removed intact leadership teams from the exigencies of their business and allowed them to discuss the white space in a candid, introspective fashion for four whole days. In order to achieve the business goals in the organization, leaders should know in advance which things to do and how to do them. For example, taking a place in new markets or an expansion into different markets. After that they should decide which leadership style they want to use in order to fit in the new markets, all this by designing effective plans to manage themselves, subordinates and organization. Introduction/Paper discussion Titles and positions have always been important in our life and especially within organizational environment. People tend to get blinded by the titles that they have, and this influences the peoples behavior. The topic that we have chosen to analyze is about the type of power that leaders possess and how this could influence the effectiveness of being a leader. We have also chosen to talk about how powerful leaders with and without formal titles are. This is also because titles have always been present in our lives and they influence the image that we have of a person. We wanted to relate this to leaders. Theories have always discussed the importance of leadership and formal power, while based on our own experience, there are less researches done about informal power and its influence on leadership. Most people take formal positions and titles for granted. They always associate the amount of power a certain person has with the titles that they possess. We decided to take a deeper look at the influence of leaders with informal power on their workers and how this is different from the influence of leaders with formal positions. The main question of this analysis is: How would leaders with informal power influence their workers? The purpose of this study is to find out how leaders with informal positions motivate their workers to follow them and what the differences are between leaders with formal and informal power. Theoretical Perspectives We will start this analysis by looking at different article to get an insight on earlier discussions and researches about the topic. We will also research other articles that will support the case and help us answer the main question. In order to support our case, first we wanted to know the difference between formal and informal leaders. This is important because informal leaders dont have any formal authorized positions. This part will give us an insight on how informal leaders would influence others. The traits and skills of the informal leaders will also be mentioned here. After that, the difference between formal and informal power will be discussed. The reason of why we have chosen to discuss this is because it will give us an understanding of power and the link between power and leadership. Titles and leaders will also be discusses so that we would get clear insight about the link between titles and leaders. Furthermore, the influence of titles will also be mentioned in order to see how titles influence leaders and then eventually their ability to influence followers. After doing this analysis based on the earlier discussions and different arguments from varied studies and articles, we will use the book of Leadership in Organizations, written by Gray Yukl. The topic will be analyzed based on the concepts in this book. Theoretical Discussion Formal and Informal Leaders We will start our analysis by talking about formal and informal leaders and the differences between them. The article that is used here is a study done by the Ohio State University. Informal leaders are related to people who dont have any formal titles in the organization. They are seen as worthy of paying attention to, or following. People think that informal leaders have a certain trait that make the others in the organization pay attention to them and also follow them. While formal leaders hold a certain position and a formal authority in the organization, informal leaders dont. People choose to follow informal leaders because they want to, but with formal leaders they are obligated to follow them otherwise they would have to face the consequences of not complying. Informal leaders are able to make others follow them through their ability to gain followers respect, trust and confidence. The personal traits and skills that informal leaders have, can replace the formal power or position that they dont have. Informal leaders appear to treat everyone with dignity and respect. They exhibit honesty and dignity and emphasise service above self and they are more likely to build trust. Formal and Informal Power In order to get an understanding of power and the link between power and leadership we chose to analyze the formal and informal power. The article from University of Valencia, Spain is used to support our analysis. Formal power is based on the availability or capability to control the exchange of socially valued restricted goods whose distribution is related to the position in the organisation of hierarchy. Formal power is exercised in a top-down manner. The superiors exert formal power on the subordinates while the opposite is not the case. Therefore, it can be expected that a power agent holding a higher hierarchical position than that of the target will hold more formal power over the target than peers or subordinates. Informal power is based on positive interpersonal relations, involving the exchange of social support, referent relationships, or knowledge, or socially valued unrestricted goods. Informal power, not being necessarily associated with formal structure, can flow in all directions. However, positions in the hierarchies affect the development of personal relationships. Dyadic cohesion develops through an emotional/affective process characteristic of equal-power relations that can be obstructed by the unequal relationships that characterize formal power relationships. Taking this into account, it can be expected that members in a similar hierarchical position to the target will hold higher informal power over the target person than superiors and subordinates. Based on what is mentioned above, we can say that formal and informal power is really important in organisational life. They have influence on how leaders exercise their power. For example, leaders with formal positions exercise their power in a top-down manner, while those with informal power can influence others who are on the same level without any formal position. There is no formal structure but the relation between the individuals in the organization could go to any direction. Looking at this topic from a different perspective, power can be grouped in two categories, the social condition and the personal ability. These categories aim to distinguish positional power and personal power. Position power steams from a persons formal position and implies the legitimate authority to use positive and negative sanctions such as reward and coercion; while on the other hand personal power refers to expertise, referent power and charisma of a person. Summarising this, position power mostly refers to the existing organisational hierarchy that renders management the ability to control the behaviour of others and to change the organisational structure and processes. On the other hand, personal power refers to power sources connected to particular abilities, skills and experience of an actor. As we can see, position power could be related to the formal power that people have. It is the authorised and legitimate power that they possess. They have the title and formal posit ion to exercise their formal power to make others in the organisation follow them. Personal power can be related to the informal power, this is where people dont have authorised power, position or title to make people follow them, but they do it through their personal trait and skills. We can use volunteer work as an example of the distinction between leaders with formal and informal power. When we think about non-profit organizations we think about organizations where people dont have any formal power or positions. The idea of such organizations is to let people work without using any formal authority and to achieve the organizational goals. These people don ´t have a formal title and their followers are not obligated to follow them. This makes it challenging to these organizations to survive and serve their main goals. Nowadays, almost all kind of organizations rapidly adapt the formal business culture to face the challenges and survive in the marketplace. The workers in these organizations get formal positions to make sure that the work gets done properly. A good example of a leader who combined the formal and informal power in his leadership is Nelson Mandela. He conveyed his beliefs about racism and discrimination to the world and he was the formal leader of anti-discrimination organizations. While when Nelson Mandela was in prison, he didnt have any formal power but he still influenced a lot of people in the world. Position and Personal Power Power is usually used to describe the absolute capacity of the individual agent to influence the behaviour or attitudes of one or more designated target persons at a given point in time. Power is divided into two major groups; position power and personal power (Bass, 1960; Etzioni, 1961). Position power includes potential influence derived from legitimate authority, control over resources and rewards, control over punishments, control over information, and control over the physical work environment. Personal power includes potential influence derived from task expertise, and potential influence based on friendship and loyalty. Based on this study, the position power is more related to formal leaders because the people in organizations who have legitimate power give direct orders and requests in organizations. They have the authority to reward the followers, punish them if they dont comply with the orders, they have the control over information which is available and they also have control over the situation. While on the other side, leaders with informal positions have more of the personal power. Informal leaders exercise referent power through role modelling, because a person who is well liked and admired can have considerable influence over others by setting example of proper and desired behaviour for them to imitate. When identification is strong, imitation is likely to accrue even without any conscious intention by the agent. Informal leaders are charismatic and they are very much admired by the others, this is why others follow them even without having any legitimate power. Informal leaders are also known for being friendly, attractive, charming and trustworthy, they also show concern for the needs and feelings of the others, demonstrating trust and respect, and treating people fairly. Referent power depends greatly on these characteristics and personal traits and therefore any person in the organization who possesses these kind of skills can influence the other workers without doing any effort. Position power is important, not only as a source of influence but also because it can be used to enhance a leaders personal power. Besides that, most of power studies have found that effective leaders rely more on expert and referent power to influence subordinates, this is because they are positively correlated with subordinate satisfaction and performance. On the other hand, the same study has also found that legitimate power is an important reason for behavioural compliance. (Hinkin Schriesheim, 1989; Rahim, 1989; Schriesheim, Hinkin Podsakoff, 1991). So in the end, both position and personal power are essential for a leader to be effective in the workplace. Titles and Leaders The article Titles dont make leaders from the Harvard Business school is used here to support out hypothesis. Stever Robbins argues that leadership often ignores the fact that leadership is powerful at any and all levels-and that you do not need to be heading up an organization to be an effective leader. He believes that it doesnt matter what title or position you have, in order to do your job effectively. Some of the most effective business people could influence others without having any superior role or title. He also argues that a leaders job is to insure the success of the organization no matter who reports to whom in any given group. This means that anyone in the group can be the leader as long as he/she is willing to achieve the goals of the organization. Furthermore, the true measure of leadership is influence, nothing more nothing less. The capacity to influence others to participate is what defines a leader. As we have said before, people can get confused about titles and their connection to leadership. In most cases they think that just because a person has a certain title then that makes them leaders. But the reality says that leadership is about influence, influencing people to perform and do what they are supposed to do. This article also argues that the most a title can do is buy some time to increase or decrease the ability to influence the person who holds it. So titles can give individuals only temporary power to influence people and make them follow. So even if titles can be important in some situations like in the military where they have the power to control their subordinates, this does not make them leaders. It just gives them the power to use their power to give orders and make others follow them. A person will be perceived as a leader, regardless to his/her titles. Being seen as a leader doesnt have to do with the titles that you possess but its more about how you contribute to the success of the goals. This gives us the underlying base of our analysis. As we see here, Stever doesnt see any link between titles and the power to influence people but he believes that the actions of a person has more effect on influencing others and making them follow you or your orders. Charismatic Leaders Professor Martin Kilduff from University of Cambridge argues that charisma is considered to be an inherent quality that involves not just strong convictions and the ability to engage followers emotions, but also vision the articulation of lofty goals and the determined pursuit of those goals through the encouragement of others efforts. Also a numerous studies have concluded that charismatic leadership has positive effects on followers motivation, their satisfaction with leaders, as well as boosting leader effectiveness. With this being said, we see that charisma helps leaders to achieve the goals of the organization and makes people follow them. Leaders with charisma are seen to be more successful than others. Charismatic leaders are able to make others follow them easily without making much of an effort. But charisma is different from other personality attributes in that it is attributed to leaders by others their team mates, subordinates, and other people with whom they come into contact in the workplace and beyond. So informal or formal leaders need to interact with their followers and show their personality in order for them to be seen as charismatic. A research which was done by Martin Kilduff co-authored with Prasad Balkundi and David Harrison, forthcoming in Journal of Applied Psychology concluded that leaders who were active in their teams in terms of being at the centre of giving advice to subordinates and also soliciting opinions from subordinates tended to emerge as charismatic leaders in the eyes of those subordinates. Thus, in order for leaders to be seen as charismatic, whether they are formal or informal, they need to be active with followers, listen to their opinions and also provide them with guidelines or advices about work-related matters. Informal leaders are more likely to be seen more charismatic than formal leaders because they are more available and easier to be reached. They have better relations with their followers and they also solicit their opinions about important problems and issues. So formal leaders need to establish themselves as informal leaders in order to make their subordinates turn to them when they are faced with problems and issues. Leadership and Followers Several interrelated factors determine whether workers will follow their leader and how they asses leaders effectiveness. A leader will be seen as competent based on this improving performance, so if his/her performance is declining then followers will not comply. Followers will not only judge a leaders competence or performance but they will also judge leaders intentions. A leader who appears to be more concerned about followers and the missions than about the personal benefit or career advancement will gain more follower approval. Also a leaders who make visible self-sacrifices in the service of the organization will be viewed as more sincere and committed. Followers also consider the extent to which the leader appears to be similar to them in terms of values, beliefs, and other qualities they consider important. Followers who identify strongly with the group of the organizations are likely to have more trust in the leader who appears to be one of them and will make more favourable attributions about the leader. Because informal leaders dont have any authorized positions they are more likely to be seen as a member of the group. Therefore they are considered to share the same values and beliefs. They are trusted and seen as if they care more about the others and the organization goals than themselves. This is one of the reasons why the other workers consciously or unconsciously decide to follow the informal leaders. Informal leaders mostly have two roles, one is following the formal leaders and complying with their legitimate orders and the other one is informally leading their groups of colleagues. In order for these informal leaders to be effective they need to balance between these both roles, otherwise they would lose their identity and the trust or respect of the others. The challenge of informal leaders is harder because they are supposed to guide and support their followers plus satisfying their formal leaders. In order to further support this part of the study, a closer look will be taken on which factors influence the decision of followers to follow a leader. This will be supported by a study done by Thach, Thompson, and Morris 2006. One of the factors that influence followers to follow is motivation. In order for a leader to motivate his/her followers, he/she needs to show trust and respect and make them realize that their participation and achievements are important and essential for achieving the organizational goals and make it successful. This results to confident followers who believe that they can do the requested task. Mutual trust is the basis of an effective follower-leader relationship. This means that in order for followers to follow their leader, followers need to believe that the leader has their best interest. What also motivates followers is how similar their values and beliefs are with the leaders. Follower values determine their preferences for different types of leaders, they always look for leaders whose values match their own. When followers are comfortable with their leaders then they would follow them easily. Conclusion After having used several studies, articles and concepts, we got a clear insight about how leaders function, and influence followers. This study helped us answering the main questions this analysis which is: How would leaders with informal power influence their workers? Leaders with informal power influence followers by having personal characteristics, traits and skills. Being charismatic, showing trusts and respect to their co-workers, and believing in their ability to achieve the organizational goals and participating in its success are examples of these characteristics. Followers prefer leaders with whom they share values and beliefs. They are more comfortable in dealing with those leaders and other ones. Informal leaders usually fall in this category rather than formal leaders, this is because informal leaders are in the same hierarchical level and they are also considers as members of the same group. Informal leaders possess more of the personal power than positional power and from the used studies we came to know that personal power has more positive effect of followers than positional power has. Influencing followers is done by using the referent power and specially being role models to their followers. Titles and leaders are not directly connected. Leaders dont have to have any formal titles or power to be able to influence their followers and make them achieve the organizations goals. They can be leaders through their achievements, behaviour and the way they do their work. In this case, they can still be a role model for the followers and motivate them to do the work without having to use their titles. In the end we see that informal leaders influence followers not through titles or positions but through their charismatic personality, traits and skills. They are the people who followers look up to and want to follow.

Video Game Addiction: Do we need a Video Gamers Anonymous? Essay

Video Game Addiction: Do we need a Video Gamers Anonymous? Super Mario Brothers, Sonic the Hedgehog, and Street Fighter are familiar names to nearly all of us. They are all best selling games of major video game consoles. Over 9.8 billion dollars were spent on video games in the United States during 2001 alone, and video game consoles are present in 36 million homes in the United States (1). With the increasing amount of time that people are spending on video games, one is left to wonder if it is possible to become addicted to video games. Do we need a Video Gamers Anonymous? Addiction has been defined as "A primary, chronic disease, characterized by impaired control over the use of a psychoactive substance and/or behavior. Clinically, the manifestations occur along biological, psychological, sociological and spiritual dimensions (2)." While there is currently no category for video game addiction in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3), which is the manual utilized to diagnose psychological disorders, video game addicts are often described by clinicians in the field as displaying many symptoms characteristic of other addictions. These behaviors include failure to stop playing games, difficulties in work or school, telling lies to loved ones, decreased attention to personal hygiene, decreased attention to family and friends, and disturbances in the sleep cycle (4). Withdrawal symptoms can even include behaviors as severe as shaking (5). All addictions can be dangerous and harmful to the addicted person and others around him; however, video game addiction can be particularly detrimental to children. Video games are becoming increasingly popular with children of young ages, which in turn may raise... ...//www.selfhelpmagazine.com/articles/internet/cybaddict.html 4)When games stop being fun, http://msnbc.msn.com/news/737966.asp?0si=- 5)Video games: Cause for concern?, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1036088.stm 6)Video games: Research, ratings, and recommendations, Contains many references for empirical studies http://ericeece.org/pubs/digests/1998/cesar98.html 7)Video games addiction, http://www.theparentreport.com/resources/ages/preteen/kids_culture/130.html 8)Are video games really so bad?, http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990510/video3.html 9)Questions Answered, http://www.missouri.edu/~kingjw/feb15q.html 10)Positron Emission Tomography , http://exn.ca/environment/ 11)The Biochemistry of Human Addiction, Discusses the role of dopamine in addiction http://www.er.doe.gov/feature_articles_2001/June/Decades/94.html